Special: India is moving towards population stability

References and backgrounds 
are a matter of concern for the growing population of the country, and if the experts and the United Nations believe that this speed can not be controlled, then by 2025, our country will leave behind China and become the most populous country in the world. 

Population format in India

• When the country was free, then the country's population was about 36 million and by the year 2025, about 1 billion people will be added, that means we will be about 135 million
• Life expectancy has become almost 69 years now, due to improved health facilities and continuous improvement, which was only 37 years in 1951.

What is life expectancy?  Life expectancy is the average number of years remaining in life after a given age. It is an estimate of the average lifetime of a person. Life expectancy is very much dependent on which group of criteria have been selected for its calculation. Life expectancy at birth in countries with high infant mortality rates is highly sensitive to the rate of high death in the first few years of life. (Team Vision Input)

National Family Health Survey-4 and other survey reports

• The fourth round of National Family Health Survey shows that the country's population is now poised to stability. 
• The total birth rate of the country has come down and if it continues for a long time, the population will not only be stable, but it can also be reduced. 
• In the fourth round of National Family Health Survey, 2.2 births were found per birth rate, which was earlier 2.7 in the third round of the survey. 
• The fourth round of National Family Health Survey shows that 8.32 lakh families were included in this, which is 5.68 lakh more families than earlier.
• In 30 States and Union Territories, there was a decrease in birth rate, but the challenge of reducing it in larger and more populous states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan remains. 
• For stabilization of population, the fertility rate should be 2.1 children per woman, which is continuing efforts to achieve it. That is, on average, only two children per family.
• The continuing lack of infant mortality rate is an important indicator of improvement in health index. In the year 2016, the child mortality rate in the country has registered a decline of three digit (8%).
• In the year 2015, cases of death of 37 children per 1000 were born, which came down to 34 per thousand in 2016.
• In 2015, 9.3 lakh newborns were estimated to die, while in the case of 8.4 million newborns deaths were registered in 2016, i.e. cases of infant mortality decreased by 90 thousand. 
• The National Family Health Survey was first introduced in 1992-93 and it includes birth rate, maternal and infant mortality, nutrition-health and health services, family planning and related services etc.   
• According to a health survey done in 2015-16, there is a decrease in fertility rate among the two big communities of the country - except Hindus and Muslims. 
• In some communities this level   has decreased from 'Replacement Level' , i.e. if this level of reduction in fertility rates in these communities remains, then the population will start getting less than the present population. These communities include Christian, Sikh, Jain and Buddhism. 
• Inequality in birth rate is also seen on a social basis. It is 2.5 in tribal society, 2.3 in Scheduled Castes, 2.2 in Backward Classes and 2.2 in Lower Castes and it is lowest at 1.9 per thousand.

India will overtake China by 2025  Last year, the Department of Economic and Social Affairs' Population Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Affairs Department released The World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision Report. It has been estimated that India's population will be more than China in almost seven years. India has to face the most formidable form of this problem. If China is ahead of us in the population then it is also bigger in the area too. At present, India's population is 1.3 billion and China's 1.4 billion.  There can be no change in the area of ​​both the countries, but in the case of population, India will leave China behind after seven years. After this, India's population will grow to about 1.5 billion in 2030 and will continue to grow for several decades. It is estimated to reach 1.66 billion in the year 2050, while China's population will start to slow down after being stable for 2030. After 2050, India's population is likely to be stable and can be 1.5 billion by the year 2100. In the last 40 years, it is estimated that the fertility rate of Indians will be 2.3 percent in 2015-20, by about half less than 4.7 percent of 1975-80. It is expected to be 2.1 percent for 2025-30 and 1.78 percent for 2045-50 and 1.78 percent between 2095-2100. (Team Vision Input)

• Birth rate varies on literacy and economic basis. It is 1.6 in Kerala, which is considered to be better considered in terms of full literacy and health facilities, in Uttar Pradesh it is 2.7 per thousand.
• The economically weaker sections have a birth rate of 3.2, in the most affluent category it is 1.5 per thousand.
• In the last decade, due to institutional delivery and intensive vaccination program, there has been a decrease in infant mortality rate. 
• In the country there is improvement in sex ratio and with this the spread of contraceptives has increased to 54 percent in newly-married women. 
• In order to curb the population, the Government of India has initiated new initiatives in 146 districts of seven states of the country. These districts are from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Assam, where every female birth rate is 3 or more. 
• In this country, 28 percent of the country's population lives in these districts, in which the government is going to launch 'Mission Family Development' program to upgrade family planning services here. 

Demographic dividend (Demographic dividend)reflects the positive and sustainable development of human resources in the economy. It displays the creation of large quantities in the production of the resulting young and working population (15 to 64 years of age group) and decreasing dependency ratio in population structure. Today India is a country of youth and will remain for the next 20 years. According to the demographic statistics today about 60 percent of Indians are from 15 to 64 years old and about 35 percent of the total population is between 15 to 34 years, i.e. the most productive age i.e. about 42 million young people have the physical potential to do something. (Team Vision Input)

Other factors supporting population control 

• Government and non-governmental efforts
• Decrease in maternal mortality 
• Family planning program
• Awareness Campaign
• Promotion program
• Economic-social reasons
• Concerned land sharing in farmer families 
• Expansion of medium class in the country
• Increase in women employment rate
• Expensive education and expensive health facilities
• Increasing dearness and modern lifestyle
• Less time for family 
• Decreased social evils like feticide 
• Total immunization of children between 12 and 23 months 
• Women's participation increased in the process of decision making in the family 

Population sustainability fund The purpose of establishing the Population Stabilization Fund (National Population Stabilization Fund) aims at promoting population stabilization at the same level keeping in mind the needs of sustainable economic development, social development and environmental protection by the year 2045 and work related to it. Population Stability Fund has been registered as an autonomous society of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.  The government has arranged a total fund of Rs 100 crore for this to fulfill its commitment to the fund's activities. The Population Stabilization Fund has the mandate to catalyze such activities which will help in stabilizing the population and converting it into the general public's program. (Team Vision Input)

The challenge of controlling the population
; Increasing population in almost all the world, especially in developing and under-developed countries, including India, has become a major problem today. If it has not been controlled at the time, then there may be a more frightening situation in the coming days. Controlling the population is a major challenge and in our country the family welfare and health ministry is working towards it. By the way, in the south and north-east India states, there has been less birth rate lower than previously used. If this is the rate of birth rate across the country, then the population is likely to be stable between 2018 and 2020. If this rate continues further then the population can also decrease by 2025.

Concerning population and development, the direct impact of the disturbance of the growing population falls on nature which saves its balance with the excess of the population and then begins the unstable nature of the orbital, which can not remain without affecting our entire biosphere. Apart from this, the pressure of increase in population also depends on the availability of resources and opportunities, and keeping this factor in mind also determines the plans. In such a situation, a huge challenge is created for the efforts of over population development. The highest pressure on the population is on food availability; Apart from this, factors like climate change, pollution and uncertainty of monsoon are also present in our country. The pressure of the growing population of the country is increasing on the cities and there are many types of miseries in front of living standards and development facilities. (Team Vision Input)

Benefits of Population Stabilization
: In a country with a large population like India, the population has its own benefits. These include increased restraint on poverty, the right use of resources, the success of government schemes, decrease in rising crime, unemployment control, lack of financial burden on the government. Unless the country's population remains stable for the next 20 years, unstable growth and rising unemployment can be reinforced. 

National Nutrition Strategy  Last year, the Policy Commission initiated the National Nutrition Strategy to take a fresh look in the field of nutrition in the country   . In view of the decline in the overall nutrition level of women and children, a draft National Nutrition Policy has been drafted to bring nutrition to the center of national development agenda. An effective roadmap has been prepared under this strategy to achieve the goal of nutrition through a comprehensive advisory process. Under this strategy, a structure has been envisaged, in which the following four most important elements of nutrition are covered - health services, food, drinking water and sanitation and income and livelihood. (Team Vision Input)

Conclusion: Experience so far shows that controlling population in the country is a very challenging one. The most simple and effective way to control the population is to curb reproduction rates. Of course, the rate of population growth has been relatively lower in the last three decades, but it is not satisfactory. The latest statistics of the UN report highlight many serious aspects of growing global population. India's population is also increasing day by day. It is a great challenge to gather essential facilities such as food, clothing, housing for this fast growing population. The country's growing population is a matter of concern. This not only results in social, but also economic problems. Presently the current population of the country has not been reduced immediately, then the problem will get worse in the coming time. Gender inequality, preference of son's birth, poverty, traditional thought processes of Indians, old cultural norms are like this, Those who make hinders in implementing family planning effectively. The central government's policy for population control has been emphasizing family planning, but it requires more public awareness and more public partnership.